The RFK Assassination Theories (1968): Sirhan, the Second-Gunman Question, and Fifty-Eight Years.

What happened in the Ambassador pantry, in a paragraph.

Senator Robert F. Kennedy (D-NY), 42, had won the California Democratic presidential primary on Tuesday, June 4, 1968, defeating Senator Eugene McCarthy and the favorite-son California candidate Lieutenant Governor Glenn Anderson. Shortly after midnight on Wednesday, June 5, Kennedy delivered his victory speech in the Embassy Ballroom of the Ambassador Hotel on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles, in front of a crowd of approximately 1,800 supporters. At the conclusion of the speech, at approximately 12:13 AM Pacific time, Kennedy and his entourage exited the ballroom through a service pantry to the south, the route having been chosen by maitre d' Karl Uecker as a shortcut to a press conference scheduled in the adjacent Colonial Room. Kennedy was being led through the narrow pantry corridor by Uecker, with his bodyguard William Barry, his press aide Frank Mankiewicz, and others following. As Kennedy paused to shake hands with a kitchen worker named Juan Romero, Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, 24, a Palestinian-Jordanian immigrant employed as a stable hand at the Santa Anita race track and resident in Pasadena, stepped forward from his position behind a steam table and began firing a .22 Iver Johnson Cadet model revolver at Kennedy. Sirhan was wrestled to the floor within seconds by Uecker, the Olympic decathlete Rafer Johnson, the former NFL lineman Rosey Grier, the writer George Plimpton, and several others. The revolver continued to discharge during the struggle. Eight rounds — the revolver's full capacity — were fired. Kennedy was hit three times: in the back of his right armpit, in the right rear of his head behind the ear, and in the back at the right shoulder blade. The shot to the head was the fatal wound. Five other people in the pantry were wounded by other rounds: Paul Schrade (a United Auto Workers official and Kennedy aide), William Weisel (an ABC News producer), Ira Goldstein (a Continental News Service reporter), Elizabeth Evans (a campaign volunteer), and Irwin Stroll (a campaign volunteer). Kennedy was taken to Good Samaritan Hospital. He died at 1:44 AM Pacific time on Thursday, June 6, 1968, approximately twenty-five hours after the shooting. Sirhan was tried in the Los Angeles County Superior Court before Judge Herbert V. Walker. The trial ran from January 7 through April 17, 1969. The defense, led by Grant Cooper and Russell Parsons, conceded that Sirhan had fired the shots and argued for a finding of diminished capacity reducing the offense from first-degree to second-degree murder; the prosecution, led by Deputy District Attorney Lynn Compton, argued for a finding of premeditated first-degree murder supported by entries in Sirhan's notebook reading "RFK must die" written before the assassination. The jury returned a verdict of first-degree murder on April 17, 1969 and a death sentence on April 23, 1969. The death sentence was subsequently commuted to life imprisonment by virtue of the 1972 California Supreme Court ruling in People v. Anderson. The autopsy, performed by Los Angeles County Chief Medical Examiner Thomas T. Noguchi on the afternoon of June 6, 1968, documented forensic findings that have generated the long-running second-gunman question: the fatal head shot was fired from behind at point-blank range (one to three inches from the skin behind Kennedy's ear), with the bullet trajectory back-to-front and slightly upward; the other two body shots also showed back-to-front trajectories; Sirhan, on the contemporaneous testimony of multiple witnesses including Karl Uecker, was facing Kennedy from the front and was several feet away at the moment Sirhan began firing. Noguchi's autopsy report, the most-cited single document in the case's subsequent literature, has not been substantively challenged in its forensic findings. The second-gunman question that those findings raise has been the subject of multiple subsequent reviews, the most substantial of which include the 1975 Wenke special-master proceedings (Judge Robert Wenke of the Los Angeles County Superior Court), the 1995 publication of Dan Moldea's The Killing of Robert F. Kennedy, the 2008 Philip Van Praag acoustic analysis of the Pruszynski recording, and the post-2018 public statements of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. None of these reviews has produced an alternative conviction; none has resolved the second-gunman question on the public record. Sirhan's two parole grants — in 1983, reversed by Governor George Deukmejian, and in 2021, reversed by Governor Gavin Newsom — have kept Sirhan incarcerated continuously since 1969. He remains in California Department of Corrections custody as of May 2026.

The documented record.

The shooting and the witnesses

The basic sequence of the shooting is established by the testimony of multiple eyewitnesses in the pantry, the contemporaneous television and radio coverage from the ballroom, and the audio recording made by Polish journalist Stanislaw Pruszynski with a microphone in the pantry corridor — the single contemporaneous audio recording of the shooting itself. Verified

According to the witness testimony consistently across the trial and subsequent reviews: Sirhan stepped forward from a position behind a steam table on Kennedy's right side, raised his arm with the revolver, and began firing from a distance of approximately three to six feet from Kennedy. He was facing Kennedy from the front. Karl Uecker, the maitre d' who had been leading Kennedy by the right arm, grabbed Sirhan's arm and pinned it to the steam table; Sirhan's revolver continued to discharge during this struggle. The total elapsed time from the first shot to Sirhan being subdued was approximately five to seven seconds. The revolver's eight-round capacity was emptied during this interval [1][2]. Verified

The Noguchi autopsy

The autopsy was performed by Los Angeles County Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Thomas T. Noguchi on the afternoon of June 6, 1968, at the Los Angeles County Morgue, with attendance by representatives of the Los Angeles Police Department, the FBI, and U.S. Army medical pathologists Lt. Col. Robert Joling and Dr. Pierre Finck. Verified Noguchi's autopsy report (Case No. 68-5731) documented three gunshot wounds to Kennedy's body:

• Wound 1 (fatal): Entry behind the right ear, in the mastoid region. Trajectory back-to-front and slightly upward. Powder residue (powder tattooing, soot) at the wound margin consistent with a muzzle distance of one to three inches from the skin. The bullet fragmented within the brain.
• Wound 2: Entry in the right armpit (axilla), trajectory back-to-front. Lodged in the soft tissue of the upper chest.
• Wound 3: Entry in the right shoulder area, trajectory back-to-front. Exit at the upper chest.

Cause of death: gunshot wound to the head with massive brain injury. Manner of death: homicide [3].

The forensic finding that has structured the case's subsequent investigative history is the muzzle distance of one to three inches on the fatal shot. Verified This finding is established by the documented powder residue pattern at the wound margin and has not been substantively challenged in any subsequent forensic review. Noguchi confirmed the finding in his own subsequent statements, in his 1983 book Coroner, and in his testimony in the 1975 Wenke special-master proceedings. The forensic implication — that the fatal shot was fired from a position within inches of the back of Kennedy's head — is in apparent tension with the witness testimony placing Sirhan facing Kennedy from the front at several feet distance [3][4].

Sirhan and the notebook evidence

Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, then 24, was born in Jerusalem in 1944 and emigrated with his family to the United States in 1956. Verified At the time of the shooting he was working as a stable hand at the Santa Anita race track and was living in Pasadena with his mother and brothers. He had a Palestinian-Jordanian background; he had become increasingly preoccupied in 1967-1968 with the Six-Day War of June 1967 and with the prospect of Kennedy's support for Israel.

A notebook recovered from Sirhan's bedroom by the Los Angeles Police Department on June 5, 1968 contained handwritten entries, dated and undated, including the repeated phrase "RFK must die" written multiple times. Verified The notebook entries were the prosecution's principal evidence of premeditation at trial. The notebook contains other entries that have been variously characterized as automatic writing, evidence of mental disturbance, or evidence of hypnotic suggestion — the latter interpretation being the basis of subsequent defense theories that Sirhan was operating under some form of induced mental state at the time of the shooting [4][5].

Sirhan has, since 1969, given accounts of the shooting that have included (a) statements at trial that he did not contest having fired the shots; (b) subsequent statements that he has no memory of the shooting itself; (c) statements over decades that he was at the Ambassador Hotel for an unrelated reason (an Israeli celebration he had wandered into) and does not remember the shooting. The various Sirhan accounts have been the subject of substantial subsequent analysis; they have not displaced the conviction [5].

The 1975 Wenke special-master proceedings

In 1975, in response to a petition by attorneys Vincent Bugliosi and Floyd Nelson and others, the Los Angeles County Superior Court appointed Judge Robert A. Wenke to conduct a special-master proceeding to reexamine the ballistic evidence. Verified The Wenke proceeding included re-examination of the bullets recovered from Kennedy's body and from the other victims by a panel of seven independent firearms examiners. The panel's findings: the bullets recovered from Kennedy's body were consistent with having been fired from Sirhan's revolver; the bullets recovered from the other victims were also consistent with having been fired from Sirhan's revolver; the panel was unable to conclude with certainty that all the bullets had been fired from the same revolver, given the deteriorated condition of the bullets after seven years.

The Wenke proceedings did not resolve the second-gunman question. They did establish that the firearm-evidence argument for a second gun (advanced by some researchers on the grounds of bullet-comparison anomalies) was not supported by the ballistic re-examination [6]. The proceedings did not address the powder-burn distance question that the autopsy had established.

The Pruszynski recording and the Van Praag analysis

Polish-Canadian journalist Stanislaw Pruszynski had been in the pantry with a portable Uher tape recorder running. Verified The Pruszynski recording is the only known contemporaneous audio recording of the shooting. The recording was acquired by the California State Archives in 2004 and was subsequently subjected to multiple forensic acoustic analyses, the most-cited of which was conducted by audio engineer Philip Van Praag and presented in the 2008 CBC television documentary The RFK Tapes and in Van Praag's subsequent publications [7].

Van Praag's analysis, based on application of computer waveform analysis to the Pruszynski recording, reported the detection of approximately thirteen distinct shot signatures over the relevant interval — more than the eight rounds in Sirhan's revolver. Disputed Van Praag's analysis further reported acoustic signatures consistent with shots fired from at least two different positions in the pantry. The analysis was subsequently the subject of independent technical review and has been contested by other acoustic analysts who have variously concluded that the additional signatures are echoes, equipment artifacts, or contemporaneous sounds (such as the noise of the assault on Sirhan by Uecker, Grier, and others) rather than additional gunshots. The acoustic question has not been definitively resolved in the technical literature [7][8].

The Cesar second-gunman theory

The most-cited candidate for a hypothetical second gunman in the pantry is Thane Eugene Cesar, an Ace Security Service guard employed for the evening by the Ambassador Hotel. Disputed Cesar was positioned at Kennedy's right rear at the moment of the shooting — behind Kennedy, within inches, the position the autopsy's powder-burn finding would require for the fatal shot. Cesar carried a .38 revolver in uniform; he also reportedly owned a .22 handgun (the same caliber as Sirhan's revolver) that he had sold sometime after the shooting.

The Cesar theory was first developed in detail in Theodore Charach's 1973 documentary The Second Gun and was expanded by researchers including Robert Joling (the Army medical pathologist who attended the autopsy) and Philip Melanson (whose 1991 book The Robert F. Kennedy Assassination developed the Cesar case in academic form). It was further analyzed in journalist Dan Moldea's 1995 book The Killing of Robert F. Kennedy, in which Moldea — who began his research persuaded of the second-gunman theory — reached the conclusion, after extensive interviews including with Cesar himself, that the evidence did not support Cesar's involvement [9]. Cesar denied involvement until his death in 2019.

The Cesar theory remains the most-articulated second-gunman candidate. The evidence for it is principally circumstantial: position, weapon caliber, and behavior in the immediate aftermath. The evidence against it is principally the absence of physical evidence linking Cesar's weapon to any of the recovered bullets, and the consistent denial by Cesar himself across multiple interviews including the Moldea encounter. Disputed

The Schrade public advocacy

Paul Schrade, the UAW official wounded in the head by one of the pantry shots and a close Kennedy associate, became one of the most sustained public advocates for re-investigation of the case. Verified Schrade survived the shooting and lived until 2022. From the mid-1970s through his death, Schrade publicly advocated for formal re-investigation, supported the second-gunman thesis as a serious open question, and made multiple appearances at California parole hearings — including the 2016 hearing at which he publicly forgave Sirhan and stated his belief that Sirhan did not fire the fatal shot. Schrade's advocacy was the source of substantial subsequent media attention to the case; it has not produced a formal reopening at any level of state or federal authority [10].

The Robert F. Kennedy Jr. position

Robert F. Kennedy Jr., RFK's third child, was 14 at the time of his father's death. Verified Since 2018, RFK Jr. has publicly stated his position that he does not believe Sirhan was the sole gunman and that his father's death has not been adequately investigated. RFK Jr. met with Sirhan in prison in December 2017 and stated that the meeting reinforced his view that Sirhan did not fire the fatal shot. RFK Jr.'s public statements have continued through his 2024 presidential candidacy and subsequent activities. His position has been opposed by other members of the Kennedy family; the family's collective position on the case has not been unified [11].

The 2021-2022 parole episode

On August 27, 2021, a two-member panel of the California Board of Parole Hearings recommended Sirhan's release on parole, following a hearing at which Sirhan expressed remorse and at which the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office (then under DA George Gascon) did not oppose the recommendation. Verified The recommendation was supported by RFK Jr. and by two other Kennedy children (Douglas Kennedy supported; Kerry Kennedy opposed). On January 13, 2022, Governor Gavin Newsom reversed the parole grant, citing Sirhan's continuing dispute of his own role in the shooting as the principal basis for the reversal. Sirhan remains in custody as of May 2026 [12].

The principal disputed elements.

The powder-burn distance and the autopsy/witness contradiction

The single most-cited claim in the second-gunman literature is the contradiction between the autopsy's powder-burn finding (the fatal shot from one to three inches behind Kennedy's right ear) and the witness testimony placing Sirhan facing Kennedy from the front at three to six feet distance. Disputed Multiple resolutions of the contradiction have been proposed: (a) Kennedy turned his head at the moment of the fatal shot, exposing the back of his head to a frontal shooter; (b) Sirhan's arm was redirected by the struggle with Uecker and others, placing the muzzle behind Kennedy by the time of the fatal shot; (c) a second gunman fired the fatal shot from behind. The proposed Sirhan-redirected-arm resolution has been challenged on the geometric ground that the witness testimony does not place Sirhan within the required one-to-three-inch distance at any point during the shooting sequence; the Kennedy-turned-his-head resolution has been challenged on the geometric ground that the bullet trajectory was back-to-front and slightly upward, which would require a specific head orientation at the moment of the shot. The contradiction is unresolved on the public forensic record.

The shot-count question

The Van Praag acoustic analysis of the Pruszynski recording reports approximately thirteen shot signatures; Sirhan's revolver held eight rounds. Disputed If the Van Praag analysis is correct, the additional shots cannot have come from Sirhan's revolver. The analysis has been contested by other acoustic analysts; the technical question is not resolved in the public scientific literature. A definitive analysis would require additional acoustic-forensic work beyond what has been published to date.

The "Manchurian candidate" hypothesis

A subset of the case's literature has advanced the hypothesis that Sirhan was operating under some form of hypnotic suggestion or programming at the time of the shooting, with possible authorship attributed variously to the CIA's MK-Ultra-related programs (covered in our MK-Ultra file and our Project ARTICHOKE file) or to other intelligence-services actors. Claimed The hypothesis is based principally on the notebook's automatic-writing-like entries, on Sirhan's claimed amnesia for the shooting, on his demonstrated susceptibility to hypnosis (established by clinical evaluations during the trial), and on a series of pre-shooting episodes including encounters with a woman in a polka-dot dress reported by witnesses outside the pantry. The hypothesis has not been substantiated by any documented intelligence-services records and is treated by the present file as unsupported by the available primary documentation. The amnesia and notebook elements are documented; the operational hypothesis attributing them to a specific intelligence-services program is not.

The polka-dot-dress woman

Multiple witnesses outside the pantry — principally campaign volunteer Sandra Serrano and witness Vincent DiPierro — reported encountering a young woman in a white dress with black polka dots who, after the shooting, was heard to say "we shot him" or words to that effect. Disputed The polka-dot-dress witness was the subject of substantial LAPD investigation in 1968 and was not identified to the investigators' satisfaction. The witness reports were the basis for one of the case's most-discussed alternative-suspect threads; the LAPD's eventual position was that the witnesses had misidentified an innocent third party (Valerie Schulte, whose account did not match the alleged confession). The polka-dot-dress question remains unresolved on the public record [13].

The unanswered questions.

The 1968 LAPD investigative materials

The Los Angeles Police Department's "Special Unit Senator" investigation of 1968 produced a substantial documentary record. Disputed The LAPD destroyed approximately 2,400 photographs and a substantial portion of the case's documentary file in 1968. The destruction has been variously characterized as routine evidence management (the LAPD's position) and as a deliberate destruction of evidence inconsistent with the lone-gunman finding (the position of subsequent investigators including Schrade, Melanson, and Moldea). The destroyed materials cannot be reconstructed; their content cannot be definitively established. The destruction is itself one of the case's most-cited investigative grievances.

A formal forensic re-investigation

No formal forensic re-investigation has been conducted by any state or federal authority since the 1975 Wenke special-master proceedings. The autopsy/witness contradiction, the Van Praag acoustic analysis, and the post-2018 Kennedy family interventions have not produced a formal reopening at any level. Whether such a re-investigation would resolve the second-gunman question or would confirm the conviction on the available evidence is unknown.

Sirhan's amnesia

Sirhan's claimed amnesia for the shooting has been the subject of extensive clinical evaluation since 1968 by multiple psychiatrists and psychologists, with divergent conclusions. The amnesia, if real, may reflect dissociative response to trauma; if performed, may reflect a strategic position taken during or after trial. The clinical question has not been resolved [14].

The thirteen-versus-eight shot question

The acoustic-evidence question is, in principle, technically resolvable by additional forensic-acoustic analysis applying modern signal-processing techniques to the Pruszynski recording. No such analysis has been formally commissioned by a state or federal authority. The Van Praag analysis and the contesting analyses constitute the present state of the public record. Disputed

Primary material.

• Los Angeles County Coroner's Office, autopsy report on Robert F. Kennedy, Case No. 68-5731, June 6, 1968. Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Thomas T. Noguchi.
• Los Angeles Police Department, Special Unit Senator investigative file, 1968. Surviving portions held at the California State Archives, Sacramento.
• Stanislaw Pruszynski's audio recording of the pantry shooting, June 5, 1968. Acquired by the California State Archives in 2004.
• Trial transcript, People v. Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, Los Angeles County Superior Court, January-April 1969. Includes Noguchi's testimony.
• 1975 Wenke special-master proceedings, including the seven-examiner firearms re-examination panel report.
• Sirhan's 1968 notebook, recovered by the LAPD from his Pasadena bedroom June 5, 1968. Held by the Los Angeles County District Attorney.
• California State Archives, "RFK Assassination Investigation Records," substantial holdings released to public access from 1988 onward.
• California Board of Parole Hearings, transcripts of Sirhan parole hearings 1983, 2016, 2021, and subsequent.
• FBI files on the RFK assassination, including Bureau correspondence with the LAPD investigation, released progressively under FOIA.

The sequence.

1. June 4, 1968 California Democratic presidential primary. Kennedy wins.
2. June 5, 1968, approximately 12:15 AM PT Kennedy shot in the Ambassador Hotel pantry. Sirhan wrestled to the ground at the scene with his revolver.
3. June 6, 1968, 1:44 AM PT Kennedy pronounced dead at Good Samaritan Hospital.
4. June 6, 1968, afternoon Noguchi autopsy. Powder-burn finding documented.
5. January 7 - April 17, 1969 Trial of Sirhan in Los Angeles County Superior Court before Judge Herbert V. Walker. Verdict: guilty of first-degree murder.
6. April 23, 1969 Sirhan sentenced to death.
7. 1972 California Supreme Court ruling in People v. Anderson commutes Sirhan's death sentence to life imprisonment.
8. 1973 Theodore Charach's documentary The Second Gun develops the Cesar second-gunman theory.
9. 1975 Wenke special-master proceedings. Seven-examiner firearms re-examination panel.
10. 1983 First California parole board grant for Sirhan; reversed by Governor George Deukmejian.
11. 1991 Philip Melanson publishes The Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, the academic development of the second-gunman thesis.
12. 1995 Dan Moldea publishes The Killing of Robert F. Kennedy, concluding after substantial investigation that the second-gunman case is not supported by the evidence.
13. 2004 Pruszynski recording acquired by California State Archives.
14. 2008 Philip Van Praag's acoustic analysis of the Pruszynski recording presented in the CBC documentary The RFK Tapes.
15. December 2017 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. meets with Sirhan in prison.
16. 2018 RFK Jr. publicly states his view that Sirhan was not the sole gunman.
17. August 27, 2021 California Board of Parole Hearings panel recommends Sirhan's release. The LA DA's office under George Gascon does not oppose.
18. January 13, 2022 Governor Gavin Newsom reverses the parole grant.
19. November 2022 Paul Schrade dies at age 97.
20. 2024-2025 RFK Jr.'s presidential candidacy and subsequent activities include continuing public references to his father's assassination.
21. May 2026 Sirhan remains in California Department of Corrections custody. The second-gunman question remains substantively unresolved on the public record.

Cases on this archive that connect.

The JFK Assassination (File 006) — the institutional and personal predecessor case. The two assassinations are linked not only by family but by the structural pattern: a politically prominent victim, a single suspect convicted (or in JFK's case, killed before trial), and a long arc of unresolved second-gunman questions. The RFK case's autopsy/witness contradiction is the most forensically clean version of the structural problem that has dominated the JFK case for sixty-three years.

The Death of Marilyn Monroe (File 070) — the institutional successor case in the Kennedy adjacent literature. Same coroner (Thomas Noguchi) on the autopsy. Same structural pattern of an official ruling that has been subjected to continuing skepticism without producing a different formal finding.

The Zodiac Killer (File 008) — the comparable case of a multi-decade unresolved question with substantial documentary evidence and durable interpretive ambiguity. The RFK case has a conviction the Zodiac case lacks, but the underlying epistemic structure (forensic evidence that does not cleanly resolve a contested question) is shared.

Operation Mongoose (File 026) — the documented CIA-sponsored program of operations against Castro that Robert F. Kennedy as Attorney General had been personally engaged with during his brother's administration. The Cuban-exile and intelligence-services context of the wider Kennedy era is the documented backdrop against which the more speculative conspiracy theories about RFK's death have been constructed.

MK-Ultra (File 001) — the documented CIA mind-control research program sometimes invoked in the "Manchurian candidate" interpretations of Sirhan's behavior. The connection is speculative on the public documentary record; the underlying program is real.

Full bibliography.

1. Los Angeles Police Department, "Special Unit Senator" investigative file, June 1968 onward. Surviving portions held at the California State Archives, Sacramento.
2. Trial transcript, People v. Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, Los Angeles County Superior Court, January 7 - April 17, 1969.
3. Noguchi, Thomas T. Autopsy report on Robert F. Kennedy, Case No. 68-5731, June 6, 1968. Los Angeles County Coroner's Office.
4. Noguchi, Thomas T., with Joseph DiMona. Coroner. Simon & Schuster, 1983. Contains Noguchi's account of the RFK autopsy and his subsequent reflections on the powder-burn finding.
5. Kaiser, Robert Blair. "R.F.K. Must Die!": A History of the Robert Kennedy Assassination and Its Aftermath. E.P. Dutton, 1970. The first comprehensive journalistic treatment, drawing on Kaiser's role as the defense team's research consultant during the trial.
6. Wenke, Judge Robert A. Special-master findings on firearms re-examination, Los Angeles County Superior Court, 1975. Including the seven-examiner panel report.
7. Van Praag, Philip. Acoustic analysis of the Stanislaw Pruszynski recording, presented in The RFK Tapes (CBC television documentary, 2008) and in subsequent technical publications.
8. Independent technical reviews of the Van Praag acoustic analysis, including the Macquarie University and other published responses, 2008-2012.
9. Moldea, Dan E. The Killing of Robert F. Kennedy: An Investigation of Motive, Means, and Opportunity. W.W. Norton, 1995. Includes Moldea's interview-based examination of Thane Eugene Cesar.
10. Schrade, Paul. Public statements at California Board of Parole Hearings, 2016 and subsequent. Hearing transcripts held by the Board.
11. Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. Public statements on his father's assassination, 2018 onward. Including the December 2017 prison meeting with Sirhan and subsequent media interviews.
12. California Board of Parole Hearings, transcript of Sirhan parole hearing, August 27, 2021; and California Governor's office statement of January 13, 2022 reversing the parole grant.
13. Melanson, Philip H. The Robert F. Kennedy Assassination: New Revelations on the Conspiracy and Cover-Up, 1968-1991. SPI Books, 1991. Academic development of the second-gunman thesis.
14. Clinical psychiatric evaluations of Sirhan Sirhan, 1968-1969, by Bernard Diamond, Eric Marcus, and George Y. Abe; subsequent evaluations across the decades. Trial-record holdings and academic publication.